网上很多关于ES的例子都过时了,版本很老,这篇文章的测试环境是ES6.5
通过composer安装
composer require "elasticsearch/elasticsearch"
在代码中引入
require "vendor/autoload.php"; use ElasticsearchClientBuilder; $client = ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts(["172.16.55.53"])->build();
下面循序渐进完成一个简单的添加和搜索的功能。
首先要新建一个index:
index对应关系型数据(以下简称MySQL)里面的数据库,而不是对应MySQL里面的索引,这点要清楚
$params = [ "index" => "myindex", #index的名字不能是大写和下划线开头 "body" => [ "settings" => [ "number_of_shards" => 2, "number_of_replicas" => 0 ] ] ]; $client->indices()->create($params);
在MySQL里面,光有了数据库还不行,还需要建立表,ES也是一样的,ES中的type对应MySQL里面的表。
注意:ES6以前,一个index有多个type,就像MySQL中一个数据库有多个表一样自然,但是ES6以后,每个index只允许一个type,在往以后的版本中很可能会取消type。
type不是单独定义的,而是和字段一起定义
$params = [ "index" => "myindex", "type" => "mytype", "body" => [ "mytype" => [ "_source" => [ "enabled" => true ], "properties" => [ "id" => [ "type" => "integer" ], "first_name" => [ "type" => "text", "analyzer" => "ik_max_word" ], "last_name" => [ "type" => "text", "analyzer" => "ik_max_word" ], "age" => [ "type" => "integer" ] ] ] ] ]; $client->indices()->putMapping($params);
在定义字段的时候,可以看出每个字段可以定义单独的类型,在first_name中还自定义了分词器 ik,
这个分词器是一个插件,需要单独安装的,参考另一篇文章:ElasticSearch基本尝试
现在数据库和表都有了,可以往里面插入数据了
概念:这里的 数据 在ES中叫文档
$params = [ "index" => "myindex", "type" => "mytype", //"id" => 1, #可以手动指定id,也可以不指定随机生成 "body" => [ "first_name" => "张", "last_name" => "三", "age" => 35 ] ]; $client->index($params);
多插入一点数据,然后来看看怎么把数据取出来:
通过id取出单条数据:
插曲:如果你之前添加文档的时候没有传入id,ES会随机生成一个id,这个时候怎么通过id查?id是多少都不知道啊。
所以这个插入一个简单的搜索,最简单的,一个搜索条件都不要,返回所有index下所有文档:
$data = $client->search();
现在可以去找一找id了,不过你会发现id可能长这样:zU65WWgBVD80YaV8iVMk,不要惊讶,这是ES随机生成的。
现在可以通过id查找指定文档了:
$params = [ "index" => "myindex", "type" => "mytype", "id" =>"zU65WWgBVD80YaV8iVMk" ]; $data = $client->get($params);
最后一个稍微麻烦点的功能:
注意:这个例子我不打算在此详细解释,看不懂没关系,这篇文章主要的目的是基本用法,并没有涉及到ES的精髓地方,
ES精髓的地方就在于搜索,后面的文章我会继续深入分析
$query = [ "query" => [ "bool" => [ "must" => [ "match" => [ "first_name" => "张", ] ], "filter" => [ "range" => [ "age" => ["gt" => 76] ] ] ] ] ]; $params = [ "index" => "myindex", // "index" => "m*", #index 和 type 是可以模糊匹配的,甚至这两个参数都是可选的 "type" => "mytype", "_source" => ["first_name","age"], // 请求指定的字段 "body" => array_merge([ "from" => 0, "size" => 5 ],$query) ]; $data = $this->EsClient->search($params);
上面的是一个简单的使用流程,但是不够完整,只讲了添加文档,没有说怎么删除文档,
下面我贴出完整的测试代码,基于Laravel环境,当然环境只影响运行,不影响理解,包含基本的常用操作:
<?php use ElasticsearchClientBuilder; use FakerGenerator as Faker; /** * ES 的 php 实测代码 */ class EsDemo { private $EsClient = null; private $faker = null; /** * 为了简化测试,本测试默认只操作一个Index,一个Type, * 所以这里固定为 megacorp和employee */ private $index = "megacorp"; private $type = "employee"; public function __construct(Faker $faker) { /** * 实例化 ES 客户端 */ $this->EsClient = ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts(["172.16.55.53"])->build(); /** * 这是一个数据生成库,详细信息可以参考网络 */ $this->faker = $faker; } /** * 批量生成文档 * @param $num */ public function generateDoc($num = 100) { foreach (range(1,$num) as $item) { $this->putDoc([ "first_name" => $this->faker->name, "last_name" => $this->faker->name, "age" => $this->faker->numberBetween(20,80) ]); } } /** * 删除一个文档 * @param $id * @return array */ public function delDoc($id) { $params = [ "index" => $this->index, "type" => $this->type, "id" =>$id ]; return $this->EsClient->delete($params); } /** * 搜索文档,query是查询条件 * @param array $query * @param int $from * @param int $size * @return array */ public function search($query = [], $from = 0, $size = 5) { // $query = [ // "query" => [ // "bool" => [ // "must" => [ // "match" => [ // "first_name" => "Cronin", // ] // ], // "filter" => [ // "range" => [ // "age" => ["gt" => 76] // ] // ] // ] // // ] // ]; $params = [ "index" => $this->index, // "index" => "m*", #index 和 type 是可以模糊匹配的,甚至这两个参数都是可选的 "type" => $this->type, "_source" => ["first_name","age"], // 请求指定的字段 "body" => array_merge([ "from" => $from, "size" => $size ],$query) ]; return $this->EsClient->search($params); } /** * 一次获取多个文档 * @param $ids * @return array */ public function getDocs($ids) { $params = [ "index" => $this->index, "type" => $this->type, "body" => ["ids" => $ids] ]; return $this->EsClient->mget($params); } /** * 获取单个文档 * @param $id * @return array */ public function getDoc($id) { $params = [ "index" => $this->index, "type" => $this->type, "id" =>$id ]; return $this->EsClient->get($params); } /** * 更新一个文档 * @param $id * @return array */ public function updateDoc($id) { $params = [ "index" => $this->index, "type" => $this->type, "id" =>$id, "body" => [ "doc" => [ "first_name" => "张", "last_name" => "三", "age" => 99 ] ] ]; return $this->EsClient->update($params); } /** * 添加一个文档到 Index 的Type中 * @param array $body * @return void */ public function putDoc($body = []) { $params = [ "index" => $this->index, "type" => $this->type, // "id" => 1, #可以手动指定id,也可以不指定随机生成 "body" => $body ]; $this->EsClient->index($params); } /** * 删除所有的 Index */ public function delAllIndex() { $indexList = $this->esStatus()["indices"]; foreach ($indexList as $item => $index) { $this->delIndex(); } } /** * 获取 ES 的状态信息,包括index 列表 * @return array */ public function esStatus() { return $this->EsClient->indices()->stats(); } /** * 创建一个索引 Index (非关系型数据库里面那个索引,而是关系型数据里面的数据库的意思) * @return void */ public function createIndex() { $this->delIndex(); $params = [ "index" => $this->index, "body" => [ "settings" => [ "number_of_shards" => 2, "number_of_replicas" => 0 ] ] ]; $this->EsClient->indices()->create($params); } /** * 检查Index 是否存在 * @return bool */ public function checkIndexExists() { $params = [ "index" => $this->index ]; return $this->EsClient->indices()->exists($params); } /** * 删除一个Index * @return void */ public function delIndex() { $params = [ "index" => $this->index ]; if ($this->checkIndexExists()) { $this->EsClient->indices()->delete($params); } } /** * 获取Index的文档模板信息 * @return array */ public function getMapping() { $params = [ "index" => $this->index ]; return $this->EsClient->indices()->getMapping($params); } /** * 创建文档模板 * @return void */ public function createMapping() { $this->createIndex(); $params = [ "index" => $this->index, "type" => $this->type, "body" => [ $this->type => [ "_source" => [ "enabled" => true ], "properties" => [ "id" => [ "type" => "integer" ], "first_name" => [ "type" => "text", "analyzer" => "ik_max_word" ], "last_name" => [ "type" => "text", "analyzer" => "ik_max_word" ], "age" => [ "type" => "integer" ] ] ] ] ]; $this->EsClient->indices()->putMapping($params); $this->generateDoc(); } }
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